Bruce Fife and Jon J. Kabara
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 You can purchase lauric acid (monolaurin) as a dietary supplement. This provides a concentrated dose of the most potent genm-fighting fatty acid. It can be taken with a glass of water like any other supplement. This lauric acid supplement known by the trade name Lauricidin?is available at some health food stores or by mail order (see resources in Appendix II). The recommended dose of monolaurin is as follows: at the first sign of infection take 1,800-3,600 mg (6-12 300mg capsules) daily for four to five days, then taper down to 2-4 capsules until free of symptoms. |
H. Winter Griffith, M.D.
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 Melatonin, as a product, is marketed as a dietary supplement and is not reviewed by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for effectiveness and safety. The melatonin products being sold are made
Continued next column
OVERDOSE
SYMPTOMS:
It is unknown what symptoms may occur. WHAT TO DO:
If person takes much larger amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison center 1-800-222-1222 or hospital emergency room for instructions. from animal pineal glands or synthesized. The best dosage amounts are unknown. Use with caution. |
| Yes Drug class: Vitamin supplement
• dietary supplement to ensure normal growth and health, especially of eyes and skin.
• Beta carotene form decreases severity of sun exposure in patients with porphyria.
DOSAGE & USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
• Drops or capsule—Swallow with liquid. If you can't swallow whole, open capsule and take with liquid or food.
• Oral solution—Swallow with liquid.
• Tablet—Swallow with liquid.
When to take:
At the same time each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember, then resume regular schedule. |
| Yes Drug class: Vitamin supplement
• dietary supplement.
• Treatment for bleeding disorders and malabsorption diseases due to vitamin K deficiency.
• Treatment for hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
• Treatment for bleeding due to overdose of oral anticoagulants.
DOSAGE & USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
• Usually given by injection in hospital or doctor's office.
• Tablet—Swallow with liquid. If you can't swallow whole, crumble tablet and take with liquid or food.
When to take:
At the same time each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 12 hours late. |
Simon Mills and Kerry Bone
See book keywords and concepts |
 However, it is freely available as a 'dietary supplement' in the USA under DSHEA legislation (1994 dietary supplement Health and Education Act). Buchu has been present as an ingredient in OTC weight control drug products and orally administered menstrual drug products. The FDA, however, advises that: 'based on evidence currently available, there is inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses'.
Buchu is not included in Part 4 of Schedule 4 of the Therapeutic Goods Act Regulations of Australia.
References
1. |
Josef A. Brinckmann and Michael P. Lindenmaier
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 Food or dietary supplement.
Authentication: Macroscopic (see: Description) and microscopic [11]. The leaf epiderm consists of elongated cells on both sides; stomata, which are present only on the lower surface, are large and roundish with subsidiary cells at each end. The mesophyll shows no differentiation between palisade and spongy parenchyma. Trichomes and crystals are absent. The pollen grains are ovoid or hemispherical, 35—40 um long and 20—25 um wide with an elongated pore; the exine is somewhat granular (Fig. 3).
Adulteration: Not known. |
C. P. Khare
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 Use in Western herbal
Alfalfa is used as a dietary supplement in diabetes, malfunctioning of thyroid gland, in high blood pressure, in certain arterial problems. It is given to convalescents who require easily assimilated nutrients. It has isolated use as a diuretic.
Alfalfa leaf tablets and capsules are available in herb outlets, and are used as a source of nutrients, including vitamins C, D, E, K, folic acid, biotin and several minerals. |
Gary Null
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| Nettle leaf extract appears to be the most effective dietary supplement for suppressing the dangerous tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-lb cytokines.
Protecting Against Fibrinogen-lnduced Heart Attack
Agents that inhibit platelet aggregation (thin the blood) reduce the risk that fibrinogen will cause an abnormal arterial blood clot. Such platelet aggregation inhibitors include aspirin, green tea, ginkgo, garlic, and vitamin E. It also makes sense, for optimal protection against heart attack, to use therapies that directly lower elevated fibrinogen levels. |
Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson
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 The related acid, ¦y-linolenic acid (18:3), is found in evening primrose oil from Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae) and is widely used as a dietary supplement. This acid (like a-linolenic acid) is an essential fatty acid and is a precursor to the prostaglandins, which are involved in many biochemical pathways. Evening primrose oil has gained increasing popularity as an aid to alleviating symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis and premenstrual tension. |
Larry Trivieri, Jr.
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 This includes brand name of the product and "dietary supplement" label.
Structure-function claim.
Explains effect of product's nutrients on the body or health conditions and the federally required disclaimer.
Form of product and net contents.
Super Healthy Plus
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Vitamin, Mineral, and Herbal Formula
Helps Support the Immune System
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
-!»• 120 Tablets
Source: Council for Responsible Nutrition, Washington, DC, and U.S. |
Gary Null
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| GPC is also available in the United States as a dietary supplement, even though it is sold as a prescription "drug" in European countries.
Essential Fatty Acids
The basic building blocks of your brain cells are essential fatty acids such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) from fish oil. These fatty acids are also used as fuel for brain metabolism and they help control chronic inflammatory processes involved in degenerative brain disorders. When it comes to protecting brain health, DHA may be the more important fatty acid. |
Larry Trivieri, Jr.
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| Congress passed the dietary supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), which created a new legal category called dietary supplements, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, and related consumer health products that were ingested as part of the diet. DSHEA allowed herb products to claim limited benefits, so long as these statements were not disease claims (the product did not claim to treat, cure, or prevent a disease). |
Josef A. Brinckmann and Michael P. Lindenmaier
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| Florida, Texas, Arizona), mainly for the production of "Aloe vera gel," which is used in cosmetic preparations and in beverages of the dietary supplement industry (see also: Phytomedicines).
Constituents: Mosdy 1,8-dihydroxyan-thracene derivatives with 25—49% aloin (according to Ph.Eur, not less than 28% expressed as barbaloin). Aloin is a diastereomeric mixture of aloin A and B. Aloin A with 10S,l'S configuration is produced biosynthetically and converts secondarily to aloin B with 10R,l'S configuration [1—3]. |
Philip Yam
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 The only factor common to all cases, the team found, was the dietary supplement regularly fed to dairy cattle beginning at weaning. The protein-rich feed ensured rapid growth and high milk production. It was made from the meat and bones of dead animals—and very likely contained material from sheep that succumbed to scrapie. The team hypothesized that something in the production of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) allowed a scrapie-like agent to contaminate the cattle feed. |
volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel
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 Skinner W (1988) Cholestin declared dietary supplement and FDA enjoined. Nat Med Law 2(1): 1,6.
Wang J, Su M, Lu Z, Kou W, Chi J, Yu P, Wang W (1995) Clinical trial of extract of Monascus purpureas (red yeast) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Clin J Exp Ther Prep Chin Med 12:1-5.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Chronic venous insufficiency is the term applied to a syndrome resulting from the obstruction or persistent incompetence of deep veins or perforating veins in the lower extremities. |
Brenda Davis and Tom Barnard
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 Although since 1994 stevia can be legally marketed as a dietary supplement, any reference to its use as a sweetener is strictly prohibited. Why? There are two schools of thought on this issue. The first is that there is not sufficient evidence supporting stevia's safety to approve it for widespread use. This is the view currently held by the FDA, Health Canada, and CSPI. Although there is no evidence of harm to people, some express concern that laboratory studies on animals suggest possible cancer and reproductive-health problems. |
volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel
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| Heber D, Yip I, Ashley JM, Elashoff DA, Elashoff RM, Go VLW (1999) Cholesterol-lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice dietary supplement. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 231-236.
Letzel H, Schoop E (1992) Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt EGb 761 und Pentoxifyllin bei Claudicatio intermittens. VASA 21: 403-410.
Menon IS, Kendal RY, Dewar HA, Newell DJ (1968) Effects of onion on blood fibrinolytic activity. Brit Med J 3: 351.
Moher D, Pham B, Ausejo M, et al. (2000) Pharmacological management of intermittent claudication. A meta-analysis of randomised trials. Drugs 59:1557-70. |
Bruce Fife and Jon J. Kabara
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| Caprylic acid in capsule form is commonly sold as a dietary supplement in health food stores. It is very effective against Candida and other forms of fungi. It is even effective mixed with a little coconut oil or vitamin E oil as a topical application for fungal skin infections. I've seen fungal infections that have lasted for months clear up in a matter of days using caprylic acid and a little coconut oil. It works just as effectively inside the body, killing fungi without the least bit of harm. Polynesian women who eat their traditional coconut-based diet rarely if ever get yeast infections. |
volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel
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| Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) (Blumenthal and Israelsen, 2000). In Canada, as note above, medicinal teas can be regulated as Natural Health Products and contain on their labels government-recognized claims and benefits.
H23I Medicinal Teas and Their Actions
Tea infusions can be prepared from single herbs or from herb mixtures. About 1000 single-herb teas and blends have been approved in Germany (Hiller, 1995). Common medicinal tea herbs and their indications are listed in Table 1.3 and 1.4. |
Gale Maleskey
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 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned over-the-counter sales of DHEA in 1985, but the ban was lifted with the passage of the dietary supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. This law allows certain substances to be sold for human consumption without FDA approval, as long as they are marketed as "dietary supplements" and not labeled for a particular use like prescription or over-the-counter drugs.
To make DHEA supplements, vitamin and pharmaceutical companies extract sterols, most commonly diosgenin, from wild yams. |
volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel
See book keywords and concepts |
| Due to concerns about the reported and potential toxicity of ephedra-containing dietary supplement products sold in the U.S. for purposes other than the traditionally used respiratory indications, i.e., as aids in weight loss and for enhancement of athletic performance, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of ephedra supplements in February 2004 (US Food and Drug Administration, 2004). FDA exempted ephedra-containing preparations used by licensed acupuncturists and doctors of Oriental medicine for traditional indications (i.e. |
Simon Mills and Kerry Bone
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| However, it is freely available as a 'dietary supplement' in the USA under DSHEA legislation (1994 dietary supplement Health and Education Act). Bearberry has been present in the following over-the-counter (OTC) drug products: weight control drug products and orally administered menstrual drug products. The FDA, however, advises: 'that based on evidence currently available, there is inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses'. |
volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel
See book keywords and concepts |
| The FDA subsequently appealed the decision, but pending the outcome of litigation, red yeast rice is still being marketed as a dietary supplement. It is ironic that of all the botanical products sold in the United States, the FDA chose to challenge repeatedly the legality of one whose active constituents have been so thoroughly studied and demonstrated to be safe and effective.
References (for 3.3.2 and 3.3.3)
Baghurst KI, Raj MI, Truswell AS (1977) Onions and platelet aggregation. Lancet 101:1051. |
Simon Mills and Kerry Bone
See book keywords and concepts |
| However, it is freely available as a 'dietary supplement' in the USA under DSHEA legislation (1994 dietary supplement Health and Education Act). Buchu has been present as an ingredient in OTC weight control drug products and orally administered menstrual drug products. The FDA, however, advises that: 'based on evidence currently available, there is inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses'.
Buchu is not included in Part 4 of Schedule 4 of the Therapeutic Goods Act Regulations of Australia.
References
1. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 Jerusalem artichoke flour is also available in tablet form as a dietary supplement from several manufacturers, including Zumbro, Inc., whose tablets are made from organically grown whole Jerusalem artichoke tubers.
Key nutrients in Jerusalem artichoke flour include protein, fiber, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B3 (niacin), folate, iron, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus.
Kamut
A relative of durum wheat, Kamut (pronounced ka-MOOT) is a reincarnation—and registered brand name— of an ancient Egyptian grain. |
Philip Yam
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| More distressing, the source material could be cattle from BSE nations; the USDA ban on bovine products only extends to food and medicine, and supplements don't fall under either category The federal government has little authority in regulating the industry, thanks to the 1994 dietary supplement and Health Education Act. Labels often do not list the country of origin—nor are they required to do so, although the FDA recommends that the bovine material be obtained from non-BSE countries. |
Bruce Fife and Jon J. Kabara
See book keywords and concepts |
| She cut sugar out of her diet and began taking a dietary supplement derived from coconut oil called caprylic acid. It worked! Both the vaginal yeast and skin infections healed. Without the constant strain of fighting the infection her energy returned. She was able to function normally again without feeling constantly fatigued. "I was so relieved to find something that brought my energy back," she says.17
One of the most widespread health problems in Western society is caused by the fungus Candida albacans. |
American Medical Publishing
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| Do you still want to take a dietary supplement containing ephedra? It's your choice. It's okay with the FDA. You make the decision!
In the meantime, here are some other diet supplements the FDA has issued warnings about:
• Comfrey (Symphytum officionale (common comfrey), Sasperum (prickley comfrey), and S. x uplandicum (Russian comfrey).
These plants are a source of pyrrolizidine alkaloids that present a serious health hazard to consumers when they are ingested. The use of comfrey in dietary supplements is a serious concern to FDA, they say. |
the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing
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 If it's a dietary supplement, Cholestin can be produced and sold without government supervision. The problem is Cholestin contains lovastatin, the same ingredient that's in Mevacor, a prescription cholesterol-lowering drug.
"Many people may assume that a naturally occurring substance, such as the red yeast rice, would be a more desirable choice for lowering their cholesterol, in comparison to prescription medications," says Thomas A. Pearson, M.D., Ph.D., chairman of the American Heart Association's population science committee. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
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 Neem can be used externally, or internally as a dietary supplement. In India, neem paste is used to treat acne and eczema, a skin condition characterized by patchy red spots on the skin. In fact, neem is now being used in several different types of skin care products and is especially good for very dry, itchy, "winter skin." Even better, neem has natural antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, which means it can protect skin from common infections such as ringworm and scabies.
One of the most intriguing new uses for neem is as a toothpaste and mouthwash. |
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