Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2Michael T. Murray, ND
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| Although many people advocate vegetarianism, the exchange list below provides high concentrations of certain nutrients difficult to get in an entirely vegetarian diet such as the full range of amino acids, vitamin B12/ and iron. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
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 Studies show that soybean peptides (chains oi amino acids) can boost the immune system. Consider adding soy products to your child's diet (tofu and soymilk are good choices).
Food allergies can cause congestion in the nose and throat, which can lead to ear infections. Check for food allergies and eliminate those foods that cause allergic reactions. Fresh fruit, especially citrus fruits, will add natural vitamin C to your child's diet. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2Michael T. Murray, ND
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| The cells also release small molecules like amino acids, inositol, glutathione, niacin, vitamin C, magnesium and potassium to maintain osmotic balance. Since these latter compounds function to protect the lens from damage, their loss results in increased susceptibility to damage. As a result, the delicate protein fibers within the lens become opaque and a cataract forms.
Intracellular accumulation of polyols is a major factor in the development of the majority of the complications of DM. |
| The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), i.e. valine, isoleucine and leucine, inhibit the hepatic encephalopathy and increased protein catabolism that are common sequelae of cirrhosis.23 Derangement of neurotransmitter profiles, particularly due to the very low plasma levels of tryptophan typically seen in withdrawing alcoholics, will result if not normalized, leading to depression, encephalopathy, and coma. |
Michael Lerner
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 For example, they have restricted different specific amino acids to see if it is possible to inhibit the development of cancers without excessive host weight loss. Phenylalanine and tyrosine restriction inhibited the growth of S91 melanoma in mice, for example.15 As Shils points out, vitamins have also been restricted: "Deficiencies of folic acid, of pyridox-ine, or of riboflavin have each been found to result in significant inhibition of the growth of certain tumors beyond the effect of vitamin deficiency per se. |
John Heinerman
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 The rich amino acids from both the nut meal and the goat's milk had a chance to penetrate through the pores of her skin as she slept, and literally, rebeautify and enliven once more tired, old skin. By the time she awoke next morning and removed the mask with cold spring water, mere was a suppie yuuiniuiue&s pieny euuugii iu wiusue at and draw the stares of many younger fellows. |
Dr. Mary Dan Eades
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 Interactions—
• Vitamin B6 is needed to convert the amino acids cysteine and methionine into taurine.
• Excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with high urinary losses of taurine. This overconsumption also causes the body to lose its ability to utilize taurine properly.
• Diabetes increases the body's requirement for taurine.
Conversely, taurine taken in combination with cystine may reduce the need for insulin.
Recommended Usage—Because this nutrient is not considered essential yet, there is no DRI listing even for infants. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 1Michael T. Murray, ND
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| Effect of garlic, Chinese medicinal drugs and amino acids on growth of Erlich ascites rumor cells in mice. Am J Chinese Med 1982; 11: 69-73
30. Weisberger AS, Pensky J. Tumor inhibition by a sulfhydryl-blocking agent related to an active principle of garlic (Allium sativum). Cancer Res 1958; 18: 1301-1308
31. Lin X, Liu J, Milner J. Dietary garlic powder suppresses in vivo formation of DNA adducts induced by N-nitroso compounds in liver and mammary tissues. FASEB J 1992; 6: A1392
32. Nagabhushan M, Line D, Polverini PJ et al. |
Ruth Winter
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 HYDROLYZED MILK PROTEIN • See Acid Hydrolyzed Proteins HYDROLYZED PLANT PROTEIN • A protein obtained from various foods such as soybeans, corn, or wheat and then broken down into amino acids by a chemical process, acid hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed plant or vegetable protein is used as a flavor enhancer in numerous processed foods like soups, chillies, sauces, and some meat products like frankfurters. See Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein. HYDROLYZED PROTEIN • Used as a flavoring and flavor enhancer. The word animal was removed from this ingredient's name. Also used in gels and in animal feed. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 1Michael T. Murray, ND
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| The branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, are particularly important since they contribute as energy substrates and as nitrogen donors in the formation of alanine, glutamine and aspartate. Calculations indicate that the recommended dietary intake of leucine is inadequate, since it is lower than the measured whole-body rates of leucine oxidation. This inadequacy is exacerbated in individuals who are physically active.50
An increased supply of BCAAs appears to have a sparing effect on muscle glycogen degradation during exercise. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
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| L-carnitine is derived from the essential amino acids, L-lysine and methionine, and is important in energy production. The researchers concluded that an evaluation of carnitine levels can be an important tool in diagnosing chronic fatigue syndrome. I have long recommended L-carnitine for sufferers of fatigue of any kind, and feel that it may be particularly helpful in CFS.
Enzymes
Coenzyme Q10—Coenzyme Q10 is important for the production of energy by all cells in the body. Athletes take CoQIO supplements for increased endurance. |
John Heinerman
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| Now Brazil nuts are one of the very few nuts or seeds that are so incredibly rich in both essential as well as nonessential amino acids. An Italian scientist who has studied the nut very carefully, calls it the "meat vegetable," because of its very high A, B-complex and C vitamin contents, not to mention the tremendous protein present as well.
Some university students in Sao Paulo will stir a teaspoonful or so of the meal into some juice and drink it for mental pep before taking their final exams. |
| VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
Clinical nutritionists generally agree that the majority of our vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and enzymes ought to come from a well-balanced diet that includes items from each of the four major food groups. However, this isn't always practical, which necessitates the use of food supplements occasionally.
From a number of health practitioners I've spoken with here and in Canada, they all felt that one of the very best line of supplements they've recommended without any hesitation was manufactured by a Vancouver, Canada vitamin company called Quest Vitamin Supplies Ltd. |
Ruth Winter
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| In anabolic processes they furnish the amino acids required to build and maintain body tissues. As an energy source, proteins are equivalent to carbohydrates in providing 4 calories per gram. Proteins perform a major structural role in all body tissues and in the formation of enzymes, hoimones, and various body fluids and secretions. Proteins participate in the transport of some lipids, vitamins, and minerals and help maintain the body's homeostasis.
PROTEIN CONCENTRATE, WHOLE FISH • Dietary supplement. PROTEIN FATTY ACID CONDENSATES • See Amides. |
| Contains seventeen amino acids. A byproduct of corn processing, it is used to coat food and in label varnishes and microencapsulation fibers. Also used in face masks, nail polishes, and as a plasticizer. Obtained as a yellowish powder by extracting corn gluten with an alcohol; also used to make textile fibers plastics, printing inks, varnishes, and other coatings and adhesives. GRAS. There is reported use of the chemical, it has not yet been assigned for toxicology literature.
ZERANOL • Zearalanol. A hormone used to increase growth in animals. |
Elson M. Haas, M.D.
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 Proline is one of the main amino acids of collagen and is also helpful to bone, skin, and cartilage formation. Proline can be formed from glutamine or the amino acid ornithine. In foods, it is found readily in dairy products and eggs, with some found in meats or wheat germ. Proline is helpful in maintaining joints and tendons, in tissue repair after injury, or for any type of wound healing.
Serine can be made in the tissue from glycine (or threonine) so it is nonessential, but its production requires adequate amounts of B3, B6, and folic acid. |
| Let us explore some of the functions and possible supplementary uses of these nonessential amino acids.
¦ I Alanine is an important part of
I human muscle tissue and is I found readily in protein foods, including beef, pork, turkey, I and cheese as well as wheat germ, oats, yogurt, and avocado. Glucose can be made from alanine in the liver or muscles when energy is needed, and thus it may help maintain the blood sugar level. Alanine deficiency has been seen in hypoglycemia, and alanine supplementation may be helpful in treating this condition. |
| Arginine is one of the body-building amino acids and also influences several hormone functions. L-arginine has been shown to stimulate the pituitary gland to produce and secrete human growth hormone in young males, at a dose of more than 3 grams daily. Human growth hormone helps in muscle building, leading to increased muscle strength and tone, and enhances fat metabolism (increases the burning of fats), which may help with weight loss. Growth hormone in general seems to increase metabolism and energy. |
Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Assembly of Life Sciences National Research Council
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 Aspartame, the methyl ester of the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid, is approximately 180 times sweeter than sugar (Mazur, 1976). In July 1981 the FDA approved its use as a sweetener or flavoring agent in certain foods (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1981). Aspartame cannot be used in soft drinks because of its instability in liquids during storage.
Epidemiological Evidence. Since aspartame has been on the market only since 1981 and in only a few countries (e.g., Belgium, France, and Canada), there are no epidemiological data regarding its association with cancer in humans. |
volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel
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 GABAA receptor in rat brain. Arzneim.-Forsch/Drug Res 45 (II): 753-755.
Cavanagh HMA, Wilkinson JM (2002) Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res 16: 301-308.
Cooke B, Ernst E (2000) Aromatherapy: a systematic review. Brit J General Practice 50: 493-496. Coulson ICH, Khan ASA (1999) Facial "pillow" dermatitis due to lavender oil allergy. Contact Dermatitis 41:111.
Dale A, Cornwell S (1994) The role of lavender oil in relieving perineal discomfort following childbirth: a blind randomized clinical trial. J Adv Nurs 19: 89-96. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2Michael T. Murray, ND
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| An elemental diet is one that is purported to contain all essential nutrients, with protein being provided only as predigested or free-form amino acids. The improvements noted on an elemental diet are, however, probably not primarily related to nutritional improvement. Although the improvement could be a result of alterations in the fecal flora (which have been noted to occur in patients consuming an elemental diet), a stronger case could be made for a secondary immune mechanism being bypassed during elemental feeding: the elemental diet is serving as an allergy elimination diet. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 1Michael T. Murray, ND
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| Effects of carbohydrate feedings on plasma free tryptophan and branched-chain amino acids during prolonged cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 1992;
65:513-519
158. Maughan RJ, Bethell LR, Leiper JB. Effects of ingested fluids on exercise capacity and on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to prolonged exercise in man. Exp Physiol 1996; 81: 847-859
159. Millard-Stafford M, Rosskopf LB, Snow TK, Hinson BT. Water versus carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion before and during a 15-km run in the heat. Int J Sport Nutr 1997; 7: 26-38
160. Burke LM. Nutrition for post-exercise recovery! |
Sheldon Saul Hendler
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| Cysteine is a precursor of glutathione, a tripeptide (made from three amino acids) that has been reported to eliminate certain toxic chemicals by binding to them and thus rendering them harmless. There is a report that rats fed methionine-deficient and cysteine-deficient diets have lower levels of enzymes that are protective against carcinogens. Further research is indicated. |
Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Assembly of Life Sciences National Research Council
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| From Amino Acids:
Tryptophan pyrolysates
Trp-P-1 Trp-P-2
Glutamic acid pyrolysates
Glu-P-1
Lysine pyrolysate Phenylalanine pyrolysate
Lys-P-1
From Proteins:
Soybean globulin pyrolysates
AoC MeAaC
FIGURE 13-1. Some mutagens from pyrolysates and from cooked foods.
(Figure continued on next page.)
Figure 13-1 (continued) : Some mutagens from pyrolysates and from cooked foods.
From Broiled Sardines:
Protein pyrolysates
From Broiled Beef:
Protein pyrolysate
NH2
MelQx
Two previously unknown mutagens were isolated from broiled sardines (Kasai et al., 1979). |
| Thus, it appears that tumor enhancement by dietary protein occurs only when there is amino acid balance, suggesting that the effect is not due to specific amino acids or to amino acid imbalance.
The effect of dietary protein on tumor incidence has been observed both with and without pretreatment with chemical carcinogens. That is, both "spontaneous" and chemically induced tumor responses may be influenced by the level of dietary protein. |
| Effect of diets deficient in certain amino acids on the induction of leukemia in dba mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 7:199-202.
7 Carbohydrates
In contrast to lipids and protein, which are the other two macro-nutrients in the diet, very little attention has been directed toward the study of carbohydrate intake and the occurrence of cancer. The principal carbohydrates in foods are sugars, starches, and cellulose. Evidence pertaining to sugars and starches is evaluated in this chapter. The data on cellulose are discussed under dietary fiber (Chapter 8). |
| The alterations in vitamin B^ metabolism may be due to secondary changes in the metabolism of amino acids, especially tryptophan (Bell, 1980; Bell et al., 1972; Byar and Blackard, 1977).
The effects on carcinogenesis by the B vitamins cannot be ascribed solely to effects modulating the stages of initiation or promotion
(Pitot and Sirica, 1980). These vitamins may also modulate other processes such as immunosurveillance, which may affect the ultimate outcome of carcinogenesis. |
| Brief communication: Null effect of concurrent feeding of sodium nitrite and amino acids to MRC rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50:799-802.
Grigg, C. W. 1972. Effects of coumarin, pyronin Y, 6,9-dimethyl
2-methylthiopurine and caffeine on excision repair and recombination repair in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 70:221-230.
Guenther, E. 1948-1952. The Essential Oils. Volume 1, 427 pp., 1949; Volume 3, 777 pp., 1949; Volume 4, 752 pp., 1950; Volume 5, 507 pp., 1952; Volume 6, 481 pp., 1952. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, Toronto, and London.
Guenther, E., and D. Althausen. 1949. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler
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| It serves as a cofactor for carboxylase reactions that are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, purine nucleotides (involved in nucleic acid synthesis and formation of the biological energy molecule ATP) and in the metabolism of the branched chain amino acids.
Biotin deficiency, which is not common, mainly affects the skin and hair. Symptoms include baldness, dry, flaky skin and a rash around the nose and mouth. At risk for biotin deficiency are those who eat a lot of raw egg white. |
| Other recent reports suggest possible additional roles for the branched-chain amino acids in the treatment of some neurologic disorders. One researcher has reported that a subset of sufferers of Parkinson's disease can be helped by doses of 10 grams of leucine daily. This very preliminary report needs follow-up.
A much better and more recent study suggests that leucine, isoleu-cine and valine may be helpful in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), better known as Lou Gehrig disease. |
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